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Compare Ghana (2005) - San Marino (2004)

Compare Ghana (2005) z San Marino (2004)

 Ghana (2005)San Marino (2004)
 GhanaSan Marino
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.1% (male 3,946,326/female 3,862,390)


15-64 years: 59.1% (male 6,203,035/female 6,235,107)


65 years and over: 3.7% (male 366,472/female 416,523) (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 16.5% (male 2,425; female 2,277)


15-64 years: 66.8% (male 9,200; female 9,834)


65 years and over: 16.7% (male 2,059; female 2,708) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports 12 (2004 est.) none (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 7


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
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Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
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Area total: 239,460 sq km


land: 230,940 sq km


water: 8,520 sq km
total: 61.2 sq km


land: 61.2 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and a ban on political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election, succeeded him. The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate 23.97 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 10.31 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $2.17 billion


expenditures: $2.56 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
revenues: $400 million


expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Capital Accra San Marino
Climate tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline 539 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution approved 28 April 1992 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Ghana


conventional short form: Ghana


former: Gold Coast
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino


conventional short form: San Marino


local long form: Repubblica di San Marino


local short form: San Marino
Currency - euro (EUR)
Death rate 10.84 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 7.96 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $7.396 billion (2004 est.) NA
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES


embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra


mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra


telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348


FAX: [233] (21) 701-813
the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN


chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520


FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527


consulate(s) general: New York
San Marino does not have an embassy in the US


honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York


honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu
Disputes - international Ghana struggles to accommodate returning nationals who worked in the cocoa plantations and escaped rebel fighting in Cote d'Ivoire none
Economic aid - recipient $6.9 billion (1999) NA
Economy - overview Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 34% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002. Priorities include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector helped sustain GDP growth in 2004. Inflation should ease, but remain a major internal problem. The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity - consumption 6.137 billion kWh (2002) -
Electricity - exports 500 million kWh (2002) -
Electricity - imports 200 million kWh (2002) -
Electricity - production 6.922 billion kWh (2002) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m


highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998) Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates cedis per US dollar - 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003), 7,932.7 (2002), 7,170.8 (2001), 5,455.1 (2000) euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008)


election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 53.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.7%
chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giuseppe ARZILLI and Captain Regent Roberto RASCHI (for the period 1 October 2004-31 March 2005)


head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003)


cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term


elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2004 (next to be held March 2005); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general elections are scheduled)


election results: Giuseppe ARZILLI and Roberto RASCHI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA%


note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Exports NA trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Exports - partners Mexico 69.8%, Netherlands 3.7%, UK 3% (2004) -
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 34.3%


industry: 24.2%


services: 41.4% (2004 est.)
agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.4% (2004 est.) 7.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 2 00 W 43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Highways total: 46,176 km


paved: 8,496 km


unpaved: 37,679 km (1999 est.)
total: 220 km


paved: 220 km


unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.2%


highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center -
Imports NA trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Imports - partners Nigeria 12.6%, China 11.4%, UK 6.6%, US 6.4%, France 4.9%, Netherlands 4.2% (2004) -
Independence 6 March 1957 (from UK) 3 September 301
Industrial production growth rate 3.8% (2000 est.) 6% (1997 est.)
Industries mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate total: 51.43 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 54.25 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 48.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
total: 5.85 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.28 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 5.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 13% (2004 est.) 3.3% (2001)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Irrigated land 110 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force 10.24 million (2004 est.) 18,500 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.) agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,094 km


border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
total: 39 km


border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use arable land: 16.26%


permanent crops: 9.67%


other: 74.07% (2001)
arable land: 16.67%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 83.33% (2001)
Languages English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Italian
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (230 seats; note - increased from 200 seats in last election; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 92, other 10
unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 58.47 years


male: 57.7 years


female: 59.26 years (2005 est.)
total population: 81.53 years


male: 78.02 years


female: 85.34 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 74.8%


male: 82.7%


female: 67.1% (2003 est.)
definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 96%


male: 97%


female: 95% (1976 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references Africa Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 19,086 GRT/26,185 DWT


by type: petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 3


foreign-owned: 1 (Brazil 1) (2005)
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Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar); note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance
Military expenditures - dollar figure $49.2 million (2004) $700,000 (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.6% (2004) NA
National holiday Independence Day, 6 March (1957) Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Nationality noun: Ghanaian(s)


adjective: Ghanaian
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)


adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts NA
Natural resources gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone building stone
Net migration rate -0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) 10.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines refined products 74 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary] Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 21,029,853


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
28,503 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 31.4% (1992 est.) NA
Population growth rate 1.25% (2005 est.) 1.33% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Takoradi, Tema none
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001) AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways total: 953 km


narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
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Religions Christian 63%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 21% Roman Catholic
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed


international: country code - 233; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
general assessment: adequate connections


domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system


international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use 302,300 (2003) 20,600 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 799,900 (2003) 16,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 10 (2001) 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area rugged mountains
Total fertility rate 3.02 children born/woman (2005 est.) 1.32 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (1997 est.) 2.6% (2001)
Waterways 1,293 km


note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2003)
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